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Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances

Your tax-free Personal Allowance

The standard Personal Allowance is £12,570, which is the amount of income you do not have to pay tax on. Your Personal Allowance may be bigger if you claim Marriage Allowance or Blind Person’s Allowance. It’s smaller if your income is over £100,000.

Income Tax rates and bands

The table shows the tax rates you pay in each band if you have a standard Personal Allowance of £12,570.
Income tax bands are different if you live in Scotland.
Band Taxable income Tax rate
Personal Allowance Up to £12,570 0%
Basic rate £12,571 to £50,270 20%
Higher rate £50,271 to £150,000 40%
Additional rate over £150,000 45%
You can also see the rates and bands without the Personal Allowance. You do not get a Personal Allowance on taxable income over £125,140.

If you’re employed or get a pension

Check your Income Tax to see:
  • your Personal Allowance and tax code
  • how much tax you’ve paid in the current tax year
  • how much you’re likely to pay for the rest of the year

Other allowances

You have tax-free allowances for: You may also have tax-free allowances for:
  • your first £1,000 of income from self-employment – this is your ‘trading allowance’
  • your first £1,000 of income from property you rent (unless you’re using the Rent a Room Scheme)Find out whether you’re eligible for the trading and property allowances. You pay tax on any interest, dividends or income over your allowances.

    Paying less Income Tax

    You may be able to claim Income Tax reliefs if you’re eligible for them.

    If you’re married or in a civil partnership

    You may be able to claim Marriage Allowance to reduce your partner’s tax if your income is less than the standard Personal Allowance. If you do not claim Marriage Allowance and you or your partner were born before 6 April 1935, you may be able to claim Married Couple’s Allowance.

Making Tax Digital (MTD) for VAT

Changes from 1 November 2022

From 1 November 2022, you will not be able to use your existing VAT online account to send monthly or quarterly VAT returns. You must sign up to Making Tax Digital (MTD) and use compatible software to keep your VAT records and file VAT returns.

Subscribe to receive email updates

Subscribe to the HMRC help and support email service to get information on a wide range of topics for individuals, businesses, employers and agents. You can also:
  • make changes to your topic subscriptions
  • unsubscribe from the service whenever you want

Registering and joining webinars

You can register for webinars in advance but we recommend you join each webinar 5 minutes before the start.

Getting compatible accounting software

Find compatible accounting software for:

Sign up for Making Tax Digital for VAT

Watch a video about how to sign up for Making Tax Digital for VAT. Here’s how you can:

Making Tax Digital for VAT

Recorded webinar

Watch a recorded webinar about Making Tax Digital for VAT. This webinar explains that from Tuesday 1 November 2022, VAT-registered businesses will no longer be able to use their existing VAT online account to submit their VAT returns. You will learn about:
  • Making Tax Digital for VAT
  • penalty reform, which is being introduced in January 2023
You must sign up to Making Tax Digital and use Making Tax Digital-compatible software to keep their VAT records and file returns.

Budget Summary November 2022

A full copy of the statement can be found here. Income Tax, National Insurance and IHT The point at which the 45% rate of income tax applies will be reduced from £150,000 to £125,140. The allowances and bands for income tax, national insurance and inheritance tax will be frozen until April 2028. Employers’ NIC thresholds to be frozen. Dividend Allowance and CGT Dividend allowance will be reduced from £2,000 to £1,000 next year, and then to £500 from April 2024. Capital Gains Tax Annual Exemption Amount is to reduce from £12,300 to £6,000 from April 2023 and then to £3,000 from April 2024. Research and Development For expenditure on or after 1 April 2023 the RDEC rate will increase from 13% to 20%. The SME additional deduction will reduce from 130% to 86% and the SME credit will decrease from 14.5% to 10%. Business Rates Planned revaluation of properties to go ahead. Though additional support will mean that two-thirds of business will not pay higher rates next year. This support includes the Multiplier Freeze, the Transitional Relief Schemes, the Retail Hospitality and Leisure Relief and the Supporting Small Businesses Scheme. VAT VAT registration threshold to be held at £85,000. The Government will not be pursuing the Online Sales Tax (OST). National Living Wage £10.42/hr from 01 April 2023. Windfall Tax Windfall tax affecting oil and gas industry to increase from 25% to 35% and an electricity generator tax set at 45%. Inflation Forecasts The OBR forecasts inflation to hit 9.1% this year and 7.4% next year. Energy Price Guarantee The price cap will increase from April 2023 to bring the average cost of energy for a typical house to £3,000 per year for a typical household. Benefits and Welfare To increase by 10.1% next year. Pensions Pensions triple lock to be protected. Pension credit to increase by 10.1%.

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